Process VM Emulation of a user-level process (with possibly different ISA, different OS) – components required? – techniques? – correctness verification? Process VM with same OS, same ISA – use case? motivation process migration flexible control of used OS resources „OS-level virtualization“ enough not discussed here Virtualization of a process environment emulation of user ISA + OS environment (ABI) every guest process gets own environment guest and host OS often the same View of the host machine user

A complete ISA consists of many parts, including the register set and memory architecture, the instructions , and the trap and interrupt architecture. A virtual machine implementation is usually concerned with all aspects of ISA emulation. Here we will be focusing on (user-level) instruction emulation. Instruction set emulation can be carried out basiclly in 2 techniques: interpretation, and binary translation. Interpretation involves a cycle of fetching a source instrction, analyzing it, performing the required operation, and then fetching the next source instruction – all in software.

Here we will recognize the two different services provided by the network layer and the core of the network layer, namely the IP protocol. We can understand: the concept of virtual interconnection networks. the relationship between IP addresses and physical addresses the traditional classification of IP addresses (including subnet masks) Address Resolution Protocol ARP In practical applications, we often encounter the problem that we already know the IP address of a machine (host or router) and need to find out its corresponding hardware address.